ABNORMAL SIGNS
Inspection
- haemorrhoids
- fissures
- papillomas
- prolapse
Palpation
- sphincter tone
- prostate or cervix
- blood, malena, pus, mucus
ABNORMAL SIGNS IN TRAUMA
- absent anal tone (cord lesion)
- palpable sphincter rupture
- displaced (high riding) prostate (ruptured urethra)
- high tenderness anteriorly (ruptured viscus)
- pelvic haematoma (pelvic fracture)
- bony disruption (sacro-coccygeal/pelvic fracture)
- visible external lacerations/bleeding
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